Human Resource:
• All the humans that can contribute to the development works with their technical, physical or intellectual abilities are known as human resource.
• Example: labour, doctor, nurse, engineer, etc.
Types of Human Resources:
• Human Resources can be classified into two types on the basis of skill and term. They are:
1. On the basis of Skill:
There are three types of human resources on the basis of skill: unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled human resources.
- Human resources with no specific knowledge and skills but can contribute in development are known as unskilled human resources. Example: sweepers, conductors, etc.
- Human resources that have little but not in-depth knowledge and skills about a particular job are known as semi-skilled human resources. Example: health assistant, nurse, etc.
- Human resources having complete knowledge and skills about a particular job are known as skilled human resources. Example: doctor, lawyer, etc.
2. On the basis of Term
There are also three types of human resource on the basis of term: short-term, long-term, and constant-term human resources.
- Short-term human resources are ones who have their need for a very short duration of time only. Example: tourist guides, etc.
- Long-term human resources are ones who have their need for a long duration of time but expire after a certain age. Example: police, civil servant, etc.
- Constant-term human resources are ones who can utilize their knowledge and skills throughout their lifespan. Example: doctor, teacher, etc.
Preparation Of Human Resources:
Human Resources can be prepared in the country or a locality in the following ways:
- Technical and vocational education opportunities
- Trainings, and other skill development programs
- Universities, colleges and schools providing practical knowledge and life skills
- Establishment of industries for creating job opportunities
Human Resource Management (HRM):
• Human Resource Management (HRM) is a continuous set of activities related to hiring the right employee for the right job at the right time and developing their skills and efficiency via trainings.
• It focuses on the employees.
• It covers aspects such as searching the best employee, managing their needs, preparing incentive plans, and more.
• It is an umbrella term and Human Resource Development comes under it.
Human Resources Development (HRD):
• Human Resource Development is the process of developing the skills and efficiency of the employee to make their more responsible and valuable to the organization.
• It increases the production and productivity by encouraging the employees and increasing their dedication towards work.
Need of Human Resource Development:
• Nepal is lacking human resource development in most of its sectors due to which problems like unemployment, illiteracy and poverty are increasing.
• Following are the needs of human resource development:
- To investigate the needs of manpower in the organization and fulfill it accordingly.
- To increase the production and productivity.
- To reduce the import of expert and skilled workers from abroad by increasing capability of local manpower.
- To maintain the numbers of workers in the organization according to the expenditure for labor.
Importance of Human Resource Development:
• Human Resource Development helps to prepare the human resources for the present and the future; and diversifies their working capabilities so as to sustain the human resources and utilize them in the time of need.
• Following are the importance of Human Resource Development:
- It increases the efficiency of the manpower working in the organization.
- It helps to make the maximum utilization of the available human resources.
- It increases the cordial relationship between the workers and the stakeholders resulting in increased productivity of the organization.
- It helps to develop various professional, and interpersonal skills in the employees to make them competent and quickly adaptable.
Challenges of Human Resource Development and their solution:
• Nepal needs to progress a lot in the field of HRD. Despite knowing the problems, no appropriate measures have been taken to solve these problems. Due to this, the problems have been sustained from a long time.
• Challenge I: There is neither effective nor a clear Human Resource Policy in the country. Solution: Clear and efficient Human Resource Policy should be formulated and implemented in the country.
• Challenge II: Large number of Human Resources are being developed in the sectors which have more than necessary manpower's already in the country (example: doctors). Solution: Existing human resources should be utilized to the maximum level and excess production should be avoided.
• Challenge III: Nepal has been facing brain-drain (a condition where intellect manpower goes abroad for employment) for centuries which creates scarcity of human resources. Solution: Create large scale employment opportunities within the country.
• Challenge IV: Lack of technical, vocational, and training providing institutions in the country. Solution: Make special provisions for establishment of technical and vocational education providing institutions. Also, make life skills related subjects compulsory in school curriculum.
Future plan for the Human Resource Development:
Nepal expects to develop enough human resources in the future to meet the demand of the market. Fort this, following things should be considered:
